#nav-small-js {display:none;}

双系统

Thu, 26-Mar-2026 23:53:17

program windows linux edit

This article will talk about install double OS in PC.

The system already be installed is Ubuntu-24.04,now we are going to install one more OS, windows 10.

insert udisk

lsblk

for example, /dev/sdc is udisk,

install ventoy to udisk by following steps
sudo ./Ventoy2Disk.sh
sudo ./Ventoy2Disk.sh -I /dev/sdc

mount the udisk,

cp ../Win10_22H2_Chinese_Simplified_x64v1.iso /media/chenmin/Ventoy/
sync

U Disk for installing OS is ready.

sudo dd if=ubuntu-24.04.4-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/sdc bs=4M status=progress && sync

制作usb ubuntu，分出部分空间。

制作 Live USB后
从 Live USB 启动ubuntu

进入 `parted` 交互模式‌

启动 parted 并选择 /dev/sda 磁盘。

sudo parted /dev/sda

在 parted 提示符下，使用 resizepart 命令调整分区大小。

(parted) resizepart 2 1400GB

系统会提示输入分区的起始和结束位置。输入 1400GB 作为新的结束位置，起始位置会自动保留不变。

退出 parted‌
完成调整后，输入 quit 退出 parted。(parted) quit
刷新分区表‌
使用 partprobe 命令刷新内核中的分区表信息。

sudo partprobe /dev/sda

验证调整结果‌
使用 parted 或 fdisk 检查分区是否已成功调整。

硬盘gpt,但是BIOS仍然是把 Legacy/CSM ，目前改成UEFI,步骤如下:
1️⃣ 准备：创建 EFI 系统分区（ESP）
打开终端：
bash
运行
sudo gdisk /dev/sda
输入 n 新建分区：
分区号：默认（比如 4）
起始扇区：默认
结束扇区：+200M
类型代码：ef00（EFI 系统分区）
输入 w 保存，输入 Y 确认
格式化 ESP 分区（假设是 /dev/sda4）：
bash
运行
sudo mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda4

2️⃣ 修复 Ubuntu UEFI 引导
用 Ubuntu Live U 盘（UEFI 模式）启动（开机 F12，选带 UEFI 字样的 U 盘）
打开终端，依次执行：
bash
运行
# 1. 挂载 Ubuntu 根分区（/dev/sda2）
sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

# 2. 挂载 ESP 分区（/dev/sda4，替换成你的实际 ESP 分区）
sudo mount /dev/sda4 /mnt/boot/efi

# 3. 绑定系统目录
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys

# 4. 进入 Ubuntu 系统环境
sudo chroot /mnt

# 5. 安装 grub-efi 并生成引导
apt update
如果出现dns问题，
在etc/resolv.conf添加
nameserver 223.5.5.5
nameserver 223.6.6.6
nameserver 8.8.8.8
apt install -y grub-efi-amd64
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=ubuntu
update-grub

# 6. 退出并卸载
exit
sudo umount -R /mnt
3️⃣ BIOS 切换为 UEFI 模式
重启电脑，按 Del/F2/F10 进入 BIOS
找到 Boot Mode / Boot List：
把 Legacy/CSM 改成 UEFI Only
关闭 Secure Boot（Security → Secure Boot → Disabled）
保存并重启，此时电脑会用 UEFI 模式启动 Ubuntu
4️⃣ 用 UEFI 模式安装 Windows 10
用 Win10 安装 U 盘（UEFI 模式）启动（开机 F12，选带 UEFI 字样的 U 盘）
到 “你想将 Windows 安装在哪里？” 界面：
选择你之前准备好的 466G NTFS 分区（分区 3）
直接点击「下一步」，不再报 GPT 错误 ✅
完成 Windows 安装，重启后会自动进入 GRUB 菜单（如果没出现，下一步修复）
5️⃣ 修复 GRUB 识别 Windows（可选）
如果重启后 GRUB 没显示 Windows 选项：
进入 Ubuntu
打开终端：
bash
运行
sudo update-grub
重启后，GRUB 菜单会出现 Ubuntu 和 Windows Boot Manager 选项

chenmin@chenmin-ThinkPad-T440:~$ sudo parted /dev/sda print
[sudo] password for chenmin:
Model: ATA ST2000LM015-2E81 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 2000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 2097kB 1049kB bios_grub
2 2097kB 1500GB 1500GB ext4
3 1500GB 1500GB 210MB fat32 EFI system partition boot, esp

安装windows之后进不了BIOS

方法 1：Shift + 重启（最稳）

点 开始 → 电源
按住 Shift 不放 → 点重启
保持 Shift 直到出现蓝色界面
选：疑难解答 → 高级选项 → UEFI 固件设置 → 重启

→ 直接进 BIOS

方法 2：命令行一键进 BIOS

以管理员打开 命令提示符 / Windows 终端
运行：

shutdown /r /fw /t 0

第二个方法亲测有效。

进入BIOS之后，将Windows Boot Manager启动优先级别降低。

如果启动看不到grub,修改

sudo vi /etc/default/grub

GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu #hidden change to menu
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 #comment out this line

sudo update-grub

查看，grub启动项，

sudo cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg

如果没有windows,搜索
sudo os-prober

如果 os-prober 找不到 Windows，可以在这里手写菜单项：

plaintext

/etc/grub.d/40_custom

示例（UEFI 模式）：

plaintext

menuentry "Windows 10" {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod fat
    insmod chain
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 你的EFI分区UUID
    chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}

改完同样：

bash

运行

sudo update-grub

增加ubuntu拼音输入法

setting->system->Regios &Languages->manage installed languages->Install / remove languages

then

seting->keyboard->Input sources

安装kde

sudo apt install kde-plasma-desktop -y

启动顺序

sudo efibootmgr
[sudo] password for chenmin:
BootCurrent: 0009
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 000C,0000,0001,0002,0003,0008,0009,0007,000A,000D,000B,0013,0012
Boot0000 Setup FvFile(721c8b66-426c-4e86-8e99-3457c46ab0b9)
Boot0001 Boot Menu FvFile(126a762d-5758-4fca-8531-201a7f57f850)
Boot0002 Diagnostic Splash Screen FvFile(a7d8d9a6-6ab0-4aeb-ad9d-163e59a7a380)
Boot0003 Lenovo Diagnostics FvFile(3f7e615b-0d45-4f80-88dc-26b234958560)
Boot0004 Startup Interrupt Menu FvFile(f46ee6f4-4785-43a3-923d-7f786c3c8479)
Boot0005 Rescue and Recovery FvFile(665d3f60-ad3e-4cad-8e26-db46eee9f1b5)
Boot0006 MEBx Hot Key FvFile(ac6fd56a-3d41-4efd-a1b9-870293811a28)
Boot0007* USB CD VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,86701296aa5a7848b66cd49dd3ba6a55)
Boot0008* USB FDD VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,6ff015a28830b543a8b8641009461e49)
Boot0009* ATA HDD0 VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f600)
Boot000A* ATA HDD1 VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f601)
Boot000B* ATA HDD2 VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f602)
Boot000C* USB HDD VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,33e821aaaf33bc4789bd419f88c50803)
Boot000D PCI LAN VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,78a84aaf2b2afc4ea79cf5cc8f3d3803)
Boot000E* IDER BOOT CDROM PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x16,0x2)/Ata(0,1,0)
Boot000F* IDER BOOT Floppy PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x16,0x2)/Ata(0,0,0)
Boot0010* ATA HDD VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f6)
Boot0011* ATAPI CD VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,aea2090adfde214e8b3a5e471856a354)
Boot0012* PCI LAN VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,78a84aaf2b2afc4ea79cf5cc8f3d3803)
Boot0013* Windows Boot Manager HD(3,GPT,5a90a3a1-827d-4c90-84ba-6e5964234dd8,0xae9f8000,0x64000)/File(EFIMicrosoftBootootmgfw.efi)57494e444f5753000100000088000000780000004200430044004f0042004a004500430054003d007b00390064006500610038003600320063002d0035006300640064002d0034006500370030002d0061006300630031002d006600330032006200330034003400640034003700390035007d00000061000100000010000000040000007fff0400

chenmin@chenmin-ThinkPad-T440:~$ sudo os-prober
/dev/sda3@/efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi:Windows Boot Manager:Windows:efi
chenmin@chenmin-ThinkPad-T440:~$

sudo update-grub
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-6.17.0-19-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-6.17.0-19-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-6.14.0-37-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-6.14.0-37-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-6.11.0-29-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-6.11.0-29-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-6.8.0-52-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-52-generic
Found memtest86+ 64bit EFI image: /boot/memtest86+x64.efi
Warning: os-prober will not be executed to detect other bootable partitions.
Systems on them will not be added to the GRUB boot configuration.
Check GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER documentation entry.
Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings ...
done

由于/etc/default/grub没有GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false，所以window没有被添加到grub menu

加上后

sudo update-grub
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-6.17.0-19-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-6.17.0-19-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-6.14.0-37-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-6.14.0-37-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-6.11.0-29-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-6.11.0-29-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-6.8.0-52-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-52-generic
Found memtest86+ 64bit EFI image: /boot/memtest86+x64.efi
Warning: os-prober will be executed to detect other bootable partitions.
Its output will be used to detect bootable binaries on them and create new boot entries.
Found Windows Boot Manager on /dev/sda3@/efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings ...
done

注意CSM设为ON才会出现grub菜单。

如果需要UEFI + CSM off,需要将ubuntu / grub注册到UEFI启动管理中，操作如下

我的电脑/dev/sda3是UEFI分区，需要sudo mount /dev/sda3 /boot/efi/

lsblk -f可以看到

sda
├─sda1
├─sda2 ext4 1.0 7a897ac1-8c98-4bd3-b262-5a1580390b34 199G 80% /var/snap/firefox/common/host-hunspell
│ /
├─sda3 vfat FAT32 4D20-2DE4 166.8M 15% /boot/efi
├─sda4
└─sda5 ntfs FCBEDE57BEDE09D2
sdb
└─sdb1 ntfs D6202CAF202C990F

sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=ubuntu
sudo update-grub
sudo efibootmgr -v

sudo efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0009
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0014,000C,0000,0001,0002,0003,0008,0009,0007,000A,000D,000B,0013,0012
Boot0000 Setup FvFile(721c8b66-426c-4e86-8e99-3457c46ab0b9)
dp: 04 06 14 00 66 8b 1c 72 6c 42 86 4e 8e 99 34 57 c4 6a b0 b9 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot0001 Boot Menu FvFile(126a762d-5758-4fca-8531-201a7f57f850)
dp: 04 06 14 00 2d 76 6a 12 58 57 ca 4f 85 31 20 1a 7f 57 f8 50 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot0002 Diagnostic Splash Screen FvFile(a7d8d9a6-6ab0-4aeb-ad9d-163e59a7a380)
dp: 04 06 14 00 a6 d9 d8 a7 b0 6a eb 4a ad 9d 16 3e 59 a7 a3 80 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot0003 Lenovo Diagnostics FvFile(3f7e615b-0d45-4f80-88dc-26b234958560)
dp: 04 06 14 00 5b 61 7e 3f 45 0d 80 4f 88 dc 26 b2 34 95 85 60 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot0004 Startup Interrupt Menu FvFile(f46ee6f4-4785-43a3-923d-7f786c3c8479)
dp: 04 06 14 00 f4 e6 6e f4 85 47 a3 43 92 3d 7f 78 6c 3c 84 79 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot0005 Rescue and Recovery FvFile(665d3f60-ad3e-4cad-8e26-db46eee9f1b5)
dp: 04 06 14 00 60 3f 5d 66 3e ad ad 4c 8e 26 db 46 ee e9 f1 b5 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot0006 MEBx Hot Key FvFile(ac6fd56a-3d41-4efd-a1b9-870293811a28)
dp: 04 06 14 00 6a d5 6f ac 41 3d fd 4e a1 b9 87 02 93 81 1a 28 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot0007* USB CD VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,86701296aa5a7848b66cd49dd3ba6a55)
dp: 03 0a 24 00 d2 38 78 bc 82 0f 60 4d 83 16 c0 68 ee 79 d2 5b 86 70 12 96 aa 5a 78 48 b6 6c d4 9d d3 ba 6a 55 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot0008* USB FDD VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,6ff015a28830b543a8b8641009461e49)
dp: 03 0a 24 00 d2 38 78 bc 82 0f 60 4d 83 16 c0 68 ee 79 d2 5b 6f f0 15 a2 88 30 b5 43 a8 b8 64 10 09 46 1e 49 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot0009* ATA HDD0 VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f600)
dp: 03 0a 25 00 d2 38 78 bc 82 0f 60 4d 83 16 c0 68 ee 79 d2 5b 91 af 62 59 56 44 9f 41 a7 b9 1f 4f 89 2a b0 f6 00 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot000A* ATA HDD1 VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f601)
dp: 03 0a 25 00 d2 38 78 bc 82 0f 60 4d 83 16 c0 68 ee 79 d2 5b 91 af 62 59 56 44 9f 41 a7 b9 1f 4f 89 2a b0 f6 01 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot000B* ATA HDD2 VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f602)
dp: 03 0a 25 00 d2 38 78 bc 82 0f 60 4d 83 16 c0 68 ee 79 d2 5b 91 af 62 59 56 44 9f 41 a7 b9 1f 4f 89 2a b0 f6 02 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot000C* USB HDD VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,33e821aaaf33bc4789bd419f88c50803)
dp: 03 0a 24 00 d2 38 78 bc 82 0f 60 4d 83 16 c0 68 ee 79 d2 5b 33 e8 21 aa af 33 bc 47 89 bd 41 9f 88 c5 08 03 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot000D PCI LAN VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,78a84aaf2b2afc4ea79cf5cc8f3d3803)
dp: 03 0a 24 00 d2 38 78 bc 82 0f 60 4d 83 16 c0 68 ee 79 d2 5b 78 a8 4a af 2b 2a fc 4e a7 9c f5 cc 8f 3d 38 03 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot000E* IDER BOOT CDROM PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x16,0x2)/Ata(0,1,0)
dp: 02 01 0c 00 d0 41 03 0a 00 00 00 00 / 01 01 06 00 02 16 / 03 01 08 00 00 01 00 00 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot000F* IDER BOOT Floppy PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x16,0x2)/Ata(0,0,0)
dp: 02 01 0c 00 d0 41 03 0a 00 00 00 00 / 01 01 06 00 02 16 / 03 01 08 00 00 00 00 00 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot0010* ATA HDD VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,91af625956449f41a7b91f4f892ab0f6)
dp: 03 0a 24 00 d2 38 78 bc 82 0f 60 4d 83 16 c0 68 ee 79 d2 5b 91 af 62 59 56 44 9f 41 a7 b9 1f 4f 89 2a b0 f6 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot0011* ATAPI CD VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,aea2090adfde214e8b3a5e471856a354)
dp: 03 0a 24 00 d2 38 78 bc 82 0f 60 4d 83 16 c0 68 ee 79 d2 5b ae a2 09 0a df de 21 4e 8b 3a 5e 47 18 56 a3 54 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot0012* PCI LAN VenMsg(bc7838d2-0f82-4d60-8316-c068ee79d25b,78a84aaf2b2afc4ea79cf5cc8f3d3803)
dp: 03 0a 24 00 d2 38 78 bc 82 0f 60 4d 83 16 c0 68 ee 79 d2 5b 78 a8 4a af 2b 2a fc 4e a7 9c f5 cc 8f 3d 38 03 / 7f ff 04 00
Boot0013* Windows Boot Manager HD(3,GPT,5a90a3a1-827d-4c90-84ba-6e5964234dd8,0xae9f8000,0x64000)/File(\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi)57494e444f5753000100000088000000780000004200430044004f0042004a004500430054003d007b00390064006500610038003600320063002d0035006300640064002d0034006500370030002d0061006300630031002d006600330032006200330034003400640034003700390035007d00000061000100000010000000040000007fff0400
dp: 04 01 2a 00 03 00 00 00 00 80 9f ae 00 00 00 00 00 40 06 00 00 00 00 00 a1 a3 90 5a 7d 82 90 4c 84 ba 6e 59 64 23 4d d8 02 02 / 04 04 46 00 5c 00 45 00 46 00 49 00 5c 00 4d 00 69 00 63 00 72 00 6f 00 73 00 6f 00 66 00 74 00 5c 00 42 00 6f 00 6f 00 74 00 5c 00 62 00 6f 00 6f 00 74 00 6d 00 67 00 66 00 77 00 2e 00 65 00 66 00 69 00 00 00 / 7f ff 04 00
data: 57 49 4e 44 4f 57 53 00 01 00 00 00 88 00 00 00 78 00 00 00 42 00 43 00 44 00 4f 00 42 00 4a 00 45 00 43 00 54 00 3d 00 7b 00 39 00 64 00 65 00 61 00 38 00 36 00 32 00 63 00 2d 00 35 00 63 00 64 00 64 00 2d 00 34 00 65 00 37 00 30 00 2d 00 61 00 63 00 63 00 31 00 2d 00 66 00 33 00 32 00 62 00 33 00 34 00 34 00 64 00 34 00 37 00 39 00 35 00 7d 00 00 00 61 00 01 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 7f ff 04 00
Boot0014* Ubuntu HD(3,GPT,5a90a3a1-827d-4c90-84ba-6e5964234dd8,0xae9f8000,0x64000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi)
dp: 04 01 2a 00 03 00 00 00 00 80 9f ae 00 00 00 00 00 40 06 00 00 00 00 00 a1 a3 90 5a 7d 82 90 4c 84 ba 6e 59 64 23 4d d8 02 02 / 04 04 34 00 5c 00 45 00 46 00 49 00 5c 00 75 00 62 00 75 00 6e 00 74 00 75 00 5c 00 67 00 72 00 75 00 62 00 78 00 36 00 34 00 2e 00 65 00 66 00 69 00 00 00 / 7f ff 04 00

Boot0014* Ubuntu出来了。

Categories: people(1) program(60)
Tags: android(8) c/c++(35) go(3) html(2) java(4) javascript(2) linux(20) python(2) shell(3) windows(9)

双系统

进入 parted 交互模式‌

方法 1：Shift + 重启（最稳）

方法 2：命令行一键进 BIOS

进入 `parted` 交互模式‌